• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Bi-modal power splitter/combiner with two waveguide output/input ports, configured to a) separate an electromagnetic signal, into two electromagnetic signals and b) combine two electromagnetic signals into an electromagnetic signal, so that each Electromagnetic signal propagates at least two polarized orthogonal modes linearly or circularly. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2727974A1
    申请号:ES201800099
    申请日:2018-04-20
    公开日:2019-10-21
    发明作者:Sanchez Angel Mediavilla；Puente Antonio Tazon；De Diego Juan Luis Cano；Sasa Dragas
    申请人:Universidad de Cantabria；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Bi-modal power splitter / combiner with two waveguide output / input ports.
    [0003] Field of the Invention
    [0004]
    [0005] The present invention belongs to the field of waveguide devices, and in particular to the field of bi-modal power splitters / combiners of two waveguide output / input ports, and with beam shaping networks.
    [0006]
    [0007] Background of the invention
    [0008]
    [0009] A bi-modal power splitter / combiner with two effective output / input ports is a device that is an essential part of an antenna power system, and is preferably used to separate / combine into: an electromagnetic signal of 15 input / output, which propagates at least two orthogonally polarized modes, into / - two electromagnetic output / input signals, each of which propagates at least two orthogonally polarized modes. In practice it is a device with three effective physical ports in waveguide (1 input port and 2 output ports, or vice versa), where each physical port transmits at least two electromagnetic signals 20 orthogonally oriented. This means that this structure of three effective physical ports has at least six effective electrical ports.
    [0010]
    [0011] Currently, there are different bi-modal power splitters / combiners, all of them comprising at least four physical ports: F. Alessandri et al. “A new class of dual-mode directional couplers for compact dual-polarization beamforming networks”, IEEE Microwave. and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 7, no. 9, Sept. 1997; F. Alessandri et al. "Enhanced dual polarization directional coupler for dual polarization beam forming networks", IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Digest, Boston, USA, June 2000; or NJG Fonseca et al. "Design ofa waveguide dual-mode three-way power divider for dual-polarization beam forming networks at Ka-band ", IEEE Antennas and Prop. Society Int. Symp ( APSURSI), Orlando, USA, July 2013.
    [0012] These structures use the concept of directional coupling between two or more square section waveguides to form a power splitter / combiner with four or six physical ports. Said square bi-modal waveguides are coupled by aligned rectangular grooves that are designed to allow the passage of the electromagnetic signal from a main guide to one or two secondary guides, leaving the rest of the electrically isolated physical ports (which causes problems in the total machining). In this way, bi-modal dividers are achieved with three or four bi-modal electric doors (one for input and the rest for output or vice versa) but which physically have four or six physical ports respectively. In addition, the bandwidth of such structures depends mainly on the number of coupling sections, that is, on the number of rectangular grooves and, therefore, on the total length of the power splitter. This implies that the fractional bandwidth obtained for these topologies does not exceed 10%, due to limitations in size and manufacturing cost, which is critical in modern antenna beam shaping networks.
    [0013]
    [0014] On the other hand, in previous work, compact bimodal power splitters / combiners have been developed, based on the turnstile junction, with five physical ports, one input / output and four output / input, A. Mediavilla et al “Divider / combiner bi-modal waveguide power ", Invention Patent ES 2555634 of May 10, 2016; J. L Cano et al." Novel Broadband Circular Waveguide Four-Way Power Divider for Dual Polarized Applications ", IEEE Microw. and Wireless Components Lett., Vol. 26, No. 2, Feb. 2016.
    [0015] These designs demonstrate a fractional bandwidth of at least 20% in a compact and easily scalable structure. However, the number of outputs / inputs in its function as a divider / combiner is limited to 4N, N being the number of levels of the structure. That is, the minimum number of outputs / inputs when used as a divider / combiner is 4, which may limit its use in certain beam shaping networks. This is because this structure is based on the tumstile junction , and therefore requires two planes of symmetry perpendicular to each other and parallel to its axial axis in order to operate correctly. Therefore, a splitter / combiner with a smaller number of outputs / inputs cannot be derived from this structure.
    [0016]
    [0017] Therefore, an improved bi-modal power splitter / combiner would be advantageous and, in particular, one that had split into two ports, good electromagnetic characteristics, compact size, a topology suitable for obtaining, through a dedicated interconnection of N- levels, and easy manufacturing.
    [0018]
    [0019] Summary of the Invention
    [0020]
    [0021] The present invention seeks to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by means of a bi-modal power splitter / combiner of two waveguide output / input ports, which allows a) separating an electromagnetic signal, into two electromagnetic signals and b) combining into a electromagnetic signal, two electromagnetic signals, so that each electromagnetic signal propagates at least two polarized orthogonal modes linearly or circularly.
    [0022]
    [0023] Specifically, in a first aspect of the present invention a bi-modal power splitter / combiner is provided with two waveguide output / input ports, configured to a) separate an electromagnetic signal, into two electromagnetic signals and b) combine in an electromagnetic signal, two electromagnetic signals, such that each electromagnetic signal propagates at least two linearly or circularly polarized orthogonal modes, comprising:
    [0024]
    [0025] - three ports: one input port and two output ports, if it functions as a splitter; and two input ports and one output port, if it works as a combiner;
    [0026]
    [0027] - two metal plates and substantially parallel to each other, such that each of said plates has a cavity, such that said cavities form a symmetrical groove when joined with respect to the plane that divides them, and such that each cavity is not confined solely in the inside the corresponding plate, but extends to the central part of at least three of the sides of said plate, so that during the operation of the divider / combiner, both plates are joined by fasteners, and with the cavities facing each other, forming at least three openings;
    [0028]
    [0029] - at least three openings, preferably three, configured to connect a waveguide to the divider / combiner whose arrangement is such that they are all located in the center of a face of the element resulting from the union of the two plates, such that each opening it is placed on a different face, such that two of them are facing each other, so that their centers are substantially on the same axis of symmetry, and such that the remaining opening is located in a plane perpendicular to that of the other two openings;
    [0030]
    [0031] - three adapter elements with a metal surface and connected in the form of T -element T-located inside the space formed by the cavities, such that each adapter element is facing an opening such that the axis of symmetry of each adapter element is parallel with respect to the axis of electromagnetic propagation and such that each perpendicular cut made to each adapter element with respect to its axial axis is variable; - an element T resulting from the union of the three adapter elements, configured to divide or recombine the electromagnetic input and output signals selectively with the mode, and which is attached to the plates on one of the faces of the cavity that does not incorporate any physical port, by any means that ensures adequate support and electrical contact between the parts.
    [0032]
    [0033] In a possible embodiment, the section of the cavities located between the opening to which each waveguide is connected and the adapter element it faces, exhibits changes in width.
    [0034]
    [0035] In a possible embodiment, the perpendicular cut made to each adapter element with respect to its axial axis is greater at the end closest to the remaining adapter elements than at the end closest to the opening it faces.
    [0036]
    [0037] In a possible embodiment, the element T is located at the point of symmetry of the space formed by the cavities, defined by the axial axis of the input / output port and the midpoint between the two output / input ports, thus achieving a equal signal distribution between both outputs. Alternatively, the element T is displaced from the point of symmetry of the space formed by the cavities, defined by the axial axis of the input / output port and the midpoint between the two output / input ports, thus achieving an uneven distribution between the signal level of both outputs.
    [0038]
    [0039] In a possible embodiment, the element T is fixed to the plates by direct screwing of the element T into the plates. Alternatively, element T is fixed to the plates by fastening said element T from the outside with the help of an external nut to the divider / combiner, which is located through one of the openings that does not constitute a physical port. In this case, and in a possible embodiment, as an aid to the positioning and fastening of the element T, this includes under the point of attachment of the three adapter elements and without interfering with the threaded area that allows its attachment to the plates, a section of non-circular section that fits in the opening made for the outer nut and that fixes its position with respect to the openings.
    [0040]
    [0041] In a possible embodiment, the adapter elements of the element T have a stepped shape, that is, each adapter element is in turn constituted by a variable number of sections in the form of parallelograms of different overlapping sizes, and the surface of each perpendicular cut made to each adapter element with respect to its axial axis may be larger or smaller than the surfaces of the sections that precede or follow it. Alternatively, each adapter element is composed of a single conical shaped section.
    [0042]
    [0043] Brief description of the figures
    [0044]
    [0045] In order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical realization thereof, and to complement this description, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part thereof, whose character is Illustrative and not limiting. In these drawings:
    [0046]
    [0047] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a bi-modal power splitter / combiner of two waveguide output / input ports, in accordance with a possible embodiment of the present invention.
    [0048]
    [0049] Figure 2 shows a second perspective view of the bi-modal power splitter / combiner of two waveguide output / input ports of Figure 1 with one of the separate parallel plates to appreciate the interior.
    [0050] Figure 3 shows a sectional section of the bi-modal power splitter / combiner of two output / input ports along the xz plane of symmetry.
    [0051]
    [0052] Figure 4 shows a sectional section of the bi-modal power splitter / combiner of two output / input ports along the plane of symmetry yz.
    [0053]
    [0054] Figure 5 shows some of the different embodiments of the T element (set formed by the T-shaped attached adapter elements) comprising the bimodal power splitter / combiner of two waveguide output / input ports of the invention.
    [0055]
    [0056] Figure 6 shows a splitter / combiner with 2 levels and 4 outputs / inputs, in accordance with a possible embodiment of the present invention.
    [0057]
    [0058] Detailed description of the invention
    [0059]
    [0060] In this text, the term "comprises" and its variants should not be understood in an exclusive sense, that is, these terms are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps.
    [0061]
    [0062] In addition, the terms "approximately", "substantially", "around", "ones", etc., should be understood as indicating values close to which these terms accompany, since due to calculation or measurement errors, it is impossible to achieve those values with total accuracy.
    [0063]
    [0064] The following preferred embodiments are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. In addition, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention.
    [0065]
    [0066] The proposed bi-modal splitter / combiner aims to: 1) separate an electromagnetic signal into two electromagnetic signals; and 2) combine in an electromagnetic signal, two electromagnetic signals, so that each electromagnetic signal mentioned propagates at least two linearly or circularly polarized orthogonal modes. The term "bi-modal" refers hereinafter to the ability of certain hollow waveguides, such as circular, square or other geometry waveguides, to propagate electromagnetic signals while having two orthogonal polarizations related to their fundamental propagation mode.
    [0067]
    [0068] To simplify the drafting of this report, and because the device of the invention has a bi-directional operation, on certain occasions we will refer to it only as a divisor, understanding the same operation (but vice versa) in the case of performing signal combiner functions. Therefore, it is understood that under the operation of the splitter, the device has an input port (through which the electromagnetic input signal is propagated) and two output ports (for each of which an electromagnetic signal of output), while in the case of operating as a combiner, it has two input ports (for each of which an electromagnetic input signal is propagated) and an output port (through which the output electromagnetic signal is propagated recombined).
    [0069]
    [0070] In addition, the present invention is understood as a divider, combiner, divider / combiner or structure, to the device of the invention configured to separate and recombine electromagnetic signals that propagate at least two orthogonally polarized modes, in a single level (N = 1); It is not necessary to chain similar structures. Therefore, the device of the invention is the basic operating unit.
    [0071]
    [0072] Next, the divider / combiner of the invention is described, according to the scheme thereof of Figures 1-4.
    [0073]
    [0074] The device comprises two metal plates 101, 102, 201, 202 and substantially parallel to each other, such that each of said plates 101, 102, 201, 202 has a cavity 203, 303, 403, and such cavities 203, 303 , 403 form a symmetrical groove when joined with respect to the plane that divides them. In addition, each cavity 203, 303, 403 is not confined solely within the corresponding plate 1011, 102, 201, 202, but extends to the central part of at least three of the sides of said plate 101, 102, 201, 202.
    [0075]
    [0076] During the operation of the device, both plates 101, 102, 201, 202 are connected by means of fasteners, such as thyme, and with the cavities 203, 303, 403 facing each other. However, due to the arrangement of the cavities 203, 303, 403 in the plates 101, 102, 201, 202, this connection does not seal the space formed between the two plates 101, 102, 201, 202 but in The connection is formed at least three openings 104, 105, preferably three, coinciding with the number of input and output ports presented by the device. In figure 2 the two plates 201, 202 are shown separately and without contact, in order to visualize the inside of the device.
    [0077]
    [0078] The arrangement of the three openings 104, 105 is such that all are located in the center of a face of the element resulting from the union of the two plates 101, 102, 201, 202, such that each opening 104, 105 is located in a different face, such that two of them face each other, so that their centers are located substantially on the same axis of symmetry, and such that the remaining opening 104, 105 is located in a plane perpendicular to that of the other two openings 104 , 105. In addition, the shape of each opening 104, 105 should be such that it supports at least two orthogonal modes.
    [0079]
    [0080] Each of the openings 104, 105 allows a waveguide to be connected to the device. Said waveguides are capable of propagating electromagnetic energy with at least two orthogonally polarized modes. In order to support at least two orthogonal polarizations, the structure of each waveguide must be symmetrical with respect to the axis of propagation, such as waveguides of circular, square, elliptical, etc.
    [0081]
    [0082] Preferably, the connection of each waveguide in an opening 104, 105 should be such that the electromagnetic signal penetrates or exits the device substantially perpendicularly with respect to the plane containing each opening 104, 105.
    [0083]
    [0084] In any case, these waveguides are not the subject of the present invention and are sufficiently known in the state of the art.
    [0085]
    [0086] The device further comprises within the space formed by the cavities 203, 303, 403, three adapter elements with a metal surface, and joined in a T-shape. Each adapter element is facing an opening 104, 105 such that the axis of Symmetry of each adapter element is parallel with respect to the axis of electromagnetic propagation.
    [0087] Preferably, the section of the cavities 203, 303, 403 located between the opening 104, 105 to which each waveguide is connected and the adapter element facing it, has width changes ( matching steps), which allows perform signal adaptation functions and improve overall electromagnetic behavior in the same frequency range. These width changes can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, marked with a dotted box.
    [0088] One skilled in the art will understand that the shape of the adapter elements must be such that it allows obtaining a good coupling at the exit of the device. For this, each perpendicular cut made to each adapter element with respect to its axial axis is variable, being preferably, but not restrictively, greater at the end closest to the remaining adapter elements than at the end closest to the opening 104 , 105 which is facing.
    [0089]
    [0090] In order to facilitate the description of the present invention, the set of the three T-shaped attached adapter elements will hereinafter be referred to as element T 206, 306, 406.
    [0091]
    [0092] The element T 206, 306, 406 is attached to the plates 101, 102, 201, 202 on one of the faces of the cavity 203, 303, 403 which does not incorporate any physical port. Preferably, the element T 206, 306, 406 is located at the point of symmetry of the space formed by the cavities 203, 303, 403, defined by the axial axis of the input / output port and the midpoint between the two ports of input Output. In this way, an equal signal distribution between both outputs is achieved. In another possible embodiment, element T 206, 306, 406 is displaced from the midpoint, thus achieving an unequal distribution between the signal level of both outputs.
    [0093]
    [0094] The element T 206, 306, 406 is fixed to the plates 101, 102, 201, 202 on the corresponding face of the cavity 203, 303, 403 by any means that ensures an adequate clamping and electrical contact between the parts. Preferably, but without limitation of the foregoing, this fixing is by direct screwing of the element T 206, 306, 406 in the plates 101, 102, 201, 202 or by fastening said element T 206, 306, 406 from the outside with the aid of a nut external to the device, which is located through one of the openings 104, 105 that does not constitute a physical port. In addition, as an aid to the positioning and clamping of the element T 206, 306, 406, it may include under the point of attachment of the three adapter elements and without interfering with the threaded area that allows its attachment to the plates 101, 102, 201, 202 a section of non-circular section that fits in the opening 104, 105 made for the outer nut and that fixes its position with respect to the openings 104, 105. This section of non-circular section does not intervene in the electromagnetic behavior of the structure.
    [0095]
    [0096] In a possible embodiment, the adapter elements of the element T 206, 306, 406 have a stepped shape, that is, each adapter element is in turn constituted by a variable number of sections in the form of parallelograms of different overlapping sizes, and the surface of each perpendicular cut made to each adapter element with respect to its axial axis may be greater or less than the surfaces of the sections that precede or follow it. Figures 2-5 show adapter elements composed of cylindrical sections of different radii. In another possible embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, each adapter element is composed of a single conical shaped section.
    [0097]
    [0098] The operation of the device is based on the use of element T 206, 306, 406 and its adapter elements, which face each of the openings 104, 105 of the structure. These adapter elements allow the splitting of the bi-modal input signal and route these divided signals to each of the output ports while maintaining their bi-modal character. Therefore, it represents a clear difference with respect to the tumstile junction known in the state of the art, since the latter only faces the bi-modal input port originating four mono-output signals in four perpendicular and perpendicular directions. to the input signal.
    [0099]
    [0100] Element T 206, 306, 406 divides or recombines the electromagnetic input and output signals selectively with the mode. For example, in the specific case of the device of the Figures 1 and 2 operating as a splitter, with one input port and two output ports, the bi-modal electromagnetic input signal enters the device through the waveguide connected to the corresponding opening 104, 105. Once inside, the axially centered adapter element with respect to said opening 104, 105 divides the bi-modal electromagnetic input signal into two bi-modal electromagnetic output signals, propagating them to the remaining axially centered adapter elements relative to the outlet openings 104, 105. The corresponding waveguides are located in the output openings 104, 105, through which the two bi-modal electromagnetic signals are output.
    [0101]
    [0102] The present device allows a compact size which facilitates manufacturing and operation in N levels of reduced size. Being a bi-modal splitter with 1 input port and 2 output ports, it is possible, by means of the chaining of dividers of these characteristics (basic unit), to obtain a final power splitter with 2N outputs. Figure 6 shows an example of this type of embodiment for N = 2, that is, for 4 output ports.
    [0103] In a specific example of embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, a square input guide 607 and six elbows in square guide 608 have been added, which must allow the passage of bi-modal signals that already exist in the state of the technique, so that the set presents all the output ports in the same plane. This last feature is particularly advantageous for beam forming networks in antenna feed systems.
    [0104]
    [0105] The divider / combiner of the invention has good electromagnetic characteristics and easy manufacturing. For example, the two plates 101, 102, 201, 202 can be easily made from two metal blocks, by conventional numerical control milling techniques, although alternative machining methods 5 can be used. In principle, the component could be manufactured by melting aluminum, or even from metallized plastic.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. Bi-modal power splitter / combiner with two waveguide output / input ports, configured to a) separate an electromagnetic signal, into two electromagnetic signals and b) combine into an electromagnetic signal, two electromagnetic signals, in such a way that each electromagnetic signal propagates at least two linearly or circularly polarized orthogonal modes, comprising:
    - three ports: one input port and two output ports, if it functions as a splitter; and two input ports and one output port, if it works as a combiner;
    - two plates (101, 102, 201, 202) metallic and substantially parallel to each other, such that each of said plates (101, 102, 201, 202) has a cavity (203, 303, 403), such that said cavities (203, 303, 403) form a symmetrical groove when joined with respect to the plane that divides them, and such that each cavity (203, 303, 403) is not confined solely inside the plate (101, 102, 201, 202) corresponding, but extends to the central part of at least three of the sides of said plate (101, 102, 201, 202), so that during the operation of the divider / combiner, both plates (101, 102, 201, 202) are joined by fasteners, and with the cavities (203, 303, 403) facing each other, forming at least three openings (104, 105);
    - at least three openings (104, 105) configured to connect a waveguide to the divider / combiner whose arrangement is such that they are all located in the center of a face of the element resulting from the union of the two plates (101, 102 , 201, 202), such that each opening (104, 105) is located on a different face, such that two of them are facing each other, so that their centers are substantially on the same axis of symmetry, and such that the remaining opening (104, 105) is placed in a plane perpendicular to that of the other two openings (104, 105);
    - three adapter elements with a metal surface and connected in the form of T -element T-located inside the space formed by the cavities (203, 303, 403), such that each adapter element is facing an opening (104, 105 ) such that the axis of symmetry of each adapter element is parallel with respect to the axis of electromagnetic propagation and such that each perpendicular cut made to each adapter element with respect to its axial axis is variable;
    - a T element (206, 306, 406) resulting from the union of the three adapter elements, configured to divide or recombine the electromagnetic input and output signals selectively with the mode, and which is attached to the plates (101 , 102, 201, 202) on one of the faces of the cavity (203, 303, 403) that does not incorporate any physical port, by any means that ensures adequate support and electrical contact between the parts.
    [2]
    2. The divider / combiner of claim 1 comprising three openings (104, 105).
    [3]
    3. The splitter / combiner of any of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity section (203, 303, 403) located between the opening (104, 105) to which each waveguide is connected and the adapter element to which is facing, presents changes of width.
    [4]
    4. The splitter / combiner of any of the preceding claims, wherein the perpendicular cut made to each adapter element with respect to its axial axis is greater at the end closest to the remaining adapter elements than at the end closest to the opening ( 104,105) which is facing.
    [5]
    5. The divider / combiner of any of the preceding claims, such that the element T (206, 306, 406) is located at the point of symmetry of the space formed by the cavities (203, 303, 403), defined by the axial axis of the input / output port and the midpoint between the two output / input ports, thus achieving an equal signal distribution between both outputs.
    [6]
    6. The divider / combiner of any one of claims 1 to 4, such that the element T (206, 306, 406) is offset from the point of symmetry of the space formed by the cavities (203, 303, 403), defined by the axial axis of the input / output port and the midpoint between the two output / input ports, thus achieving an unequal distribution between the signal level of both outputs.
    [7]
    7. The splitter / combiner of any of the preceding claims, wherein the element T (206, 306, 406) is fixed to the plates (101, 102, 201, 202) by direct screwing of the element T (206, 306, 406) on the plates (101, 102, 201, 202).
    [8]
    8. The divider / combiner of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the element T (206, 306, 406) is fixed to the plates (101, 102, 201, 202) by fastening said element T (206 , 306, 406) from the outside with the help of a nut external to the splitter / combiner, which is located through one of the openings (104, 105) that does not constitute a physical port.
    [9]
    9. The divider / combiner of the preceding claim, such that as an aid to the positioning and clamping of the element T (206, 306, 406), this includes under the point of attachment of the three adapter elements and without interfering with the threaded area that it allows its joining to the plates (101, 102, 201, 202), a section of non-circular section that fits in the opening (104, 105) made for the outer nut and that fixes its position with respect to the openings (104, 105 ).
    [10]
    10. The splitter / combiner of any of the preceding claims, wherein the adapter elements of the element T (206, 306, 406) are in stepped form, that is, each adapter element is in turn constituted by a variable number of shaped sections of parallelograms of different overlapping sizes, and the surface of each perpendicular cut made to each adapter element with respect to its axial axis may be greater or smaller than the surfaces of the sections that precede or follow it.
    [11]
    11. The splitter / combiner of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein each adapter element is composed of a single conical shaped section.
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    引用文献:
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    US20120293274A1|2011-05-17|2012-11-22|City University Of Hong Kong|Multiple-way ring cavity power combiner and divider|
    ES2555634A1|2015-05-21|2016-01-05|Universidad De Cantabria|Power bi-modal splitter/combiner in waveguide |
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